Who are the two main theorists discussed in the text regarding social stratification?
Answer: Karl Marx and Max Weber
What are the three dimensions of social stratification according to Weber?
Answer: Wealth and income (economic status), power (political status), and prestige (social status)
What is the main difference between Marx and Weber's views on class action?
Answer: Marx believed class action was inevitable, while Weber did not think class necessarily leads to collective action
What phenomenon does the author describe regarding cultural and economic stratification in China during periods of great social change?
Answer: Cultural and economic stratification often become misaligned
What is the "conflict type" occupational prestige evaluation mentioned by the author?
Answer: It refers to significant disagreements in society regarding the evaluation of the same occupation
What system in China is mentioned as an example of unequal distribution of civil rights resources?
Answer: The household registration (hukou) system
What are the four environmental conditions Weber proposed for class members to organize class struggles?
Answer: 1) Direct, concentrated conflict of interest; 2) Large number of members in similar class positions; 3) Relative spatial concentration; 4) Clear goals for struggle
According to the text, what is the essence of the hukou system in China?
Answer: It is essentially a status system
What does the author mean by "ascribed factors" in determining social status?
Answer: Factors a person is born with, not acquired through effort, such as age, gender, and family background
What is the main drawback of a status-based system according to the author?
Answer: It restrains the vitality and initiative of social members by limiting their ability to overcome predetermined status
What does the functionalist perspective on social stratification argue?
Answer: Society is a unified whole composed of interconnected parts, each part functioning to maintain the overall balance of society
According to the functionalist view, what are the four basic conditions necessary for any society to maintain good operation?
Answer: 1) Social division of labor is necessary; 2) Some jobs are viewed as more important than others; 3) People have different talents, knowledge, and skills; 4) The most talented should take on the most important work
What did Durkheim seek to find in the context of social transformation?
Answer: A new way to reconnect society, or achieve "social integration"